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Coma of a single lens. Each cone of light focuses on different planes along the optical axis. In optics (especially telescopes), the coma (/ ˈ k oʊ m ə /), or comatic aberration, in an optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as stars appearing distorted ...
A second peg, below it, can be moved back and forth until it is just detectably nearer than the fixed one. Stereoacuity is defined as the minimum angle detectable, calculated as the difference between the angles subtended by both positions, A and B. Stereoacuity is possible due to binocular disparity, i.e., the difference in their binocular ...
The prism fusion range ( PFR) or fusional vergence amplitude is a clinical eye test performed by orthoptists, optometrists, and ophthalmologists to assess motor fusion, specifically the extent to which a patient can maintain binocular single vision ( BSV) in the presence of increasing vergence demands. Motor fusion is largely accounted to ...
In photography, reciprocity refers to the relationship whereby the total light energy – proportional to the total exposure, the product of the light intensity and exposure time, controlled by aperture and shutter speed, respectively – determines the effect of the light on the film. That is, an increase of brightness by a certain factor is ...
Upside down goggles, also known as "invertoscopes" by Russian researchers, [1] are optical instruments that invert the image received by the retinas upside down. They are used to study human visual perception, particularly psychological process of building a visual image in the brain. Objects viewed through such a device appear upside down and ...
assess alignment of both eyes. The Four Prism Dioptre Reflex Test (also known as the 4 PRT, or 4 Prism Dioptre Base-out Test) is an objective, non-dissociative test used to prove the alignment of both eyes (i.e. the presence of binocular single vision) by assessing motor fusion. [1] Through the use of a 4 dioptre base out prism, diplopia is ...