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Prism correction is measured in prism dioptres. A prescription that specifies prism correction will also specify the "base". The base is the thickest part of the lens and is opposite from the apex. Light will be bent towards the base and the image will be shifted towards the apex.
Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other. Also called double vision, it is a loss of visual focus under regular conditions, and is often voluntary.
The Four Prism Dioptre Reflex Test (also known as the 4 PRT, or 4 Prism Dioptre Base-out Test) is an objective, non-dissociative test used to prove the alignment of both eyes (i.e. the presence of binocular single vision) by assessing motor fusion.
Diplopia with normal binocular function is treated with prism glasses, botulinum injections into the muscles, or repeated surgery. If binocular function is not normal, a more individualized approach is necessary to best suit the patient's needs.
Good starting point when investigating the nature of diplopia i.e. to find manifest, intermittent, crossed or uncrossed diplopia; It is less dissociative than a cover test; Can be used to determine if a patient will demonstrate binocular single vision with corrective prism or head posture; Relatively easy to record and interpret the results
Diplopia can be addressed by occlusion with eye patching, frosted lens, occluding contact lens, or by simply placing opaque tape over a portion of eyeglasses. Also, plastic prisms (Fresnel prisms) can be attached to eyeglasses of a diplopic patient, allowing for alignment of vision from both eyes in the affected direction, but are often ...
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