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  2. Prism correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

    Prism correction is measured in prism dioptres. A prescription that specifies prism correction will also specify the "base". The base is the thickest part of the lens and is opposite from the apex. Light will be bent towards the base and the image will be shifted towards the apex.

  3. Epidote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidote

    Description. Well developed crystals of epidote, Ca 2 Al 2 (Fe 3+ ;Al) (SiO 4 ) (Si 2 O 7 )O (OH), crystallizing in the monoclinic system, are of frequent occurrence: they are commonly prismatic in habit, the direction of elongation being perpendicular to the single plane of symmetry.

  4. Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory...

    In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known, and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian representing a weak ...

  5. List of equations in nuclear and particle physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    Equations. Mass number. A = (Relative) atomic mass = Mass number = Sum of protons and neutrons. N = Number of neutrons. Z = Atomic number = Number of protons = Number of electrons. A = Z + N {\displaystyle A=Z+N\,\!} Mass in nuclei. M'nuc = Mass of nucleus, bound nucleons. MΣ = Sum of masses for isolated nucleons.

  6. Convergence insufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency

    Some cases of convergence insufficiency are successfully managed by prescription of eyeglasses, sometimes with therapeutic prisms. Pencil push-ups therapy is performed at home. The patient brings a pencil slowly to within 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) of the eye just above the nose about fifteen minutes per day five times per week.

  7. Esophoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophoria

    Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.

  8. Periodic boundary conditions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_boundary_conditions

    Periodic boundary conditions in 2D. Unit cell with water molecules, used to simulate flowing water. Periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are a set of boundary conditions which are often chosen for approximating a large (infinite) system by using a small part called a unit cell. PBCs are often used in computer simulations and mathematical models.

  9. Volume correction factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_Correction_Factor

    In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities.

  10. Defining equation (physical chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defining_equation...

    Defining equation (physical chemistry) In physical chemistry, there are numerous quantities associated with chemical compounds and reactions; notably in terms of amounts of substance, activity or concentration of a substance, and the rate of reaction. This article uses SI units .

  11. Topology (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, topology provides a way of describing and predicting the molecular structure within the constraints of three-dimensional (3-D) space. Given the determinants of chemical bonding and the chemical properties of the atoms, topology provides a model for explaining how the atoms ethereal wave functions must fit together.