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  2. Convergence insufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency

    Some cases of convergence insufficiency are successfully managed by prescription of eyeglasses, sometimes with therapeutic prisms. Pencil push-ups therapy is performed at home. The patient brings a pencil slowly to within 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) of the eye just above the nose about fifteen minutes per day five times per week.

  3. Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_therapy_of...

    Other options for strabismus management are vision therapy and occlusion therapy, corrective glasses (or contact lenses) and prism glasses, and strabismus surgery. The effects that are due only to the toxin itself (including the side effects) generally wear off within 3 to 4 months.

  4. Suppression (eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_(eye)

    Suppression of an eye is a subconscious adaptation by a person's brain to eliminate the symptoms of disorders of binocular vision such as strabismus, convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia. The brain can eliminate double vision by ignoring all or part of the image of one of the eyes.

  5. Vision therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_therapy

    Fusional amplitude and relative fusional amplitude training are designed to alleviate convergence insufficiency. The CITT study (Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial) was a randomized, double-blind multi-center trial (high level of reliability) indicating that orthoptic vision therapy is an effective method of treatment of convergence ...

  6. Strabismus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus

    Causes: Muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, infections: Risk factors: Premature birth, cerebral palsy, family history: Diagnostic method: Observing light reflected from the pupil: Differential diagnosis: Cranial nerve disease, convergence insufficiency: Treatment: Glasses, surgery: Frequency ~2% (children)

  7. Exotropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotropia

    Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of exotropia is known as " convergence insufficiency " that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises.

  8. Hypertropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertropia

    Treatment. In general, strabismus can be approached and treated with a variety of procedures. Depending on the individual case, treatment options include: Correction of refractive errors by glasses; Prism therapy (if tolerated, to manage diplopia) Vision Therapy; Patching (mainly to manage amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults)

  9. Stereopsis recovery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereopsis_recovery

    Orthoptic exercises have proven to be effective for reducing symptoms in patients with convergence insufficiency and decompensating exophoria by improving the near-point convergence of the eyes that is necessary for binocular fusion.

  10. Brock string - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brock_string

    The Brock string is commonly employed during treatment of convergence insufficiency and other anomalies of binocular vision. It is used to develop skills of convergence as well as to disrupt suppression of one of the eyes.

  11. Esophoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophoria

    Causes include: Refractive errors. Divergence insufficiency. Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies. [1] Unlike esotropia, fusion is possible and therefore diplopia is uncommon.