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Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight". This condition can be esophoria, where the eyes tend to cross inward in the absence of fusion; exophoria, in which they diverge; or hyperphoria, in which ...
Exophoria. Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another. [2] The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia .
Planck–Einstein equation and de Broglie wavelength relations. P = ( E/c, p) is the four-momentum, K = (ω/ c, k) is the four-wavevector, E = energy of particle. ω = 2π f is the angular frequency and frequency of the particle. ħ = h /2π are the Planck constants. c = speed of light. Schrödinger equation.
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), a relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics, is among the most stringently tested theories in physics. The most precise and specific tests of QED consist of measurements of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant , α , in various physical systems.
Prentice's rule, named so after the optician Charles F. Prentice, is a formula used to determine the amount of induced prism in a lens: = where: P is the amount of prism correction (in prism dioptres) c is decentration (the distance between the pupil centre and the lens's optical centre, in millimetres)
Correction. In lens systems, aberrations can be minimized using combinations of convex and concave lenses, or by using aspheric lenses or aplanatic lenses. Lens systems with aberration correction are usually designed by numerical ray tracing. For simple designs, one can sometimes analytically calculate parameters that minimize spherical aberration.
Lorentz transformation. The following notations are used very often in special relativity: Lorentz factor. where and v is the relative velocity between two inertial frames . For two frames at rest, γ = 1, and increases with relative velocity between the two inertial frames. As the relative velocity approaches the speed of light, γ → ∞.
Therefore, the correct (quantum-mechanical) formula for the probability for an electron to move from a point A to a point B includes the classical part (individual probabilities of diffusive paths) and a number of interference terms (products of the amplitudes corresponding to different paths).
Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz correction, also called the Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz effect (EELL), refers to an analogy in the interface between nuclear, atomic and particle physics, which in its simplest form corresponds to the well known Lorentz-Lorenz equation (also referred to as the Clausius-Mossotti relation) for electromagnetic ...
In their 1960 paper, Pound and Rebka presented data from the first four days of counting. Six runs with the source at the bottom, after temperature correction gave a weighted average fractional frequency shift between source and absorber of − (19.7±0.8)×10 −15.