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A roof prism, also called a Dachkanten prism or Dach prism (from German: Dachkante, lit. "roof edge"), is a reflective prism containing a section where two faces meet at a 90° angle, resembling the roof of a building and thus the name.
Most roof prism binoculars use either the Schmidt–Pechan prism (invented in 1899) or the Abbe–Koenig prism (named after Ernst Karl Abbe and Albert König and patented by Carl Zeiss in 1905) designs to erect the image and fold the optical path.
Binoculars diagram showing a Schmidt–Pechan prism. A Schmidt–Pechan prism is a type of optical prism used to rotate an image by 180°. These prisms are commonly used in binoculars as an image erecting system. The Schmidt–Pechan prism makes use of a roof prism section (from the German: "Dachkante", lit. roof edge ).
Binoculars diagram showing an Abbe–Koenig prism. An Abbe–Koenig prism is a type of reflecting prism, used to invert an image (rotate it by 180°). They are commonly used in binoculars and some telescopes for this purpose. The prism is named after Ernst Abbe and Albert Koenig .
Roof prism designs allow a simpler exterior, and are now common but they are more expensive to produce. Complicating production requirements make high-quality roof prism design binoculars relatively costly to produce compared to in optical quality equivalent Porro prism binoculars.
The efficiency of the total internal reflection is exploited by optical fibers (used in telecommunications cables and in image-forming fiberscopes ), and by reflective prisms, such as image-erecting Porro / roof prisms for monoculars and binoculars .
A relatively new type of telescopic sight, called prismatic telescopic sight, prismatic sight or " prism scope ", replaces the image-erecting relay lenses of a traditional telescope with a roof prism design commonly found in compact binoculars, monoculars and spotting scopes.
Trinovid is the protected model designation of a roof prism binoculars series from the company Leitz (optics) (since 1986 Leica Camera) based in Wetzlar, a German centre for optics as well as an important location for the precision engineering industry.
Most prism sights use roof prisms commonly seen in compact binoculars and spotting scopes. The reticle is etched onto one of the internal reflective surface of the prism, making it easy to illuminate the reticle from the back of the prism even when active illumination is turned off.
An Amici roof prism, named for its inventor, the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Amici, is a type of reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by 90° while simultaneously inverting the image. It is commonly used in the eyepieces of telescopes as an image erecting system.