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  2. Abbe–Koenig prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe–Koenig_prism

    An Abbe–Koenig prism is a type of reflecting prism, used to invert an image (rotate it by 180°). They are commonly used in binoculars and some telescopes for this purpose. The prism is named after Ernst Abbe and Albert Koenig . The prism is made from two glass prisms, which are optically cemented together to form a symmetric, shallow Vee ...

  3. Catadioptric system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadioptric_system

    A catadioptric optical system is one where refraction and reflection are combined in an optical system, usually via lenses ( dioptrics) and curved mirrors ( catoptrics ). Catadioptric combinations are used in focusing systems such as searchlights, headlamps, early lighthouse focusing systems, optical telescopes, microscopes, and telephoto lenses.

  4. Fuji GX680 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_GX680

    The Fuji GX680 is a series of single lens reflex system cameras for medium format film produced by Fujifilm with interchangeable camera lenses and interchangeable film holders for the unusual film format 6×8 cm [i] on 120 and 220 roll film. The distinguishing feature of the Fuji GX680 is the articulating front standard, which runs on a rail ...

  5. Cyclotropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotropia

    Cyclotropia is a form of strabismus in which, compared to the correct positioning of the eyes, there is a torsion of one eye (or both) about the eye's visual axis. Consequently, the visual fields of the two eyes appear tilted relative to each other. The corresponding latent condition – a condition in which torsion occurs only in the absence ...

  6. Achromatic lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatic_lens

    In an achromatic lens, two wavelengths are brought into the same focus, here red and blue. An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration. Achromatic lenses are corrected to bring two wavelengths (typically red and blue) into focus on the same plane.

  7. B4-mount - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B4-mount

    The B4 mount defines the sensor to have a diagonal size of 11 mm (a so-called 2/3" size sensor). The B4-mount is used by practically all 2/3" broadcast lenses and cameras (as of 2019). Although the standard was set in 1992, the B4 mount already existed before 1980. The Sony BVP-300, produced from 1978, was possibly the first camera with a B4 mount.

  8. Maddox rod - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddox_rod

    The strength of the prism is increased until the streak of the light passes through the centre of the prism, as the strength of the prism indicates the amount of deviation present. The Maddox rod is a handheld instrument composed of red parallel plano convex cylinder lens , which refracts light rays so that a point source of light is seen as a ...

  9. Mamiya 645 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamiya_645

    The Mamiya 645 camera systems are a series of medium format film and digital cameras and lenses manufactured by Mamiya and its successors. They are called "645" because they use the nominal 6 cm x 4.5 cm film size from 120 roll film. They came in three major generations: first-generation manual-focus film cameras, second-generation manual-focus ...