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A comprehensive list of over 300 types of minerals and organic substances that are used as gemstones, organized by species and types. Find out the names, varieties, colors, and properties of each gemstone, from actinolite to zircon.
Amethyst is a semiprecious stone that gets its purple color from irradiation and iron impurities. It is found in many locations around the world, especially in Brazil, Uruguay, and Africa, and can be used in jewelry or cut into different shapes.
This web page lists some famous gemstones by type, such as diamonds, emeralds, opals, rubies, sapphires, spinels and topazes. It does not mention the longest named precious gem, which is the Star of Adam sapphire with a weight of 1,404.49 carats.
Missouri has two official state rocks: Galena, a lead ore mineral, and Mozarkite, a silica-rich fossil. Galena was adopted in 1967 and Mozarkite in 1979. See the full list of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones.
Topaz is a silicate mineral that can be colorless, blue, yellow, orange, pink, or red depending on impurities and treatments. It is used as a gemstone and has a long history of associations with different cultures and meanings.
Tanzanite is a rare gemstone found only in Tanzania, with a strong trichroism that changes color depending on the crystal orientation. It was discovered in 1967 by a tailor and named by Tiffany & Co., and is the December birthstone.
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