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A small amount of HTLV-1 individuals progress to develop ATL with a long latency period between infection and ATL development. ATL is categorized into 4 subtypes: acute, smoldering, lymphoma-type, chronic. Acute and Lymphoma-type are known to particularity be aggressive with poorer prognosis.
Most cases of leukemia increase with age, with ALL being the main exception, which peaks in children aged 2 to 5 years. T-ALL is seen to be most prevalent in the adult population, but amongst cases in the pediatric population, it is seen to have a median onset of age 9 and is most prominent to adolescents.
The prognosis and treatment of T-cell lymphoma can vary drastically based on the specific type of lymphoma and its growth patterns. Due to their rarity and high variability between the different subtypes, the prognosis of T-cell lymphoma is significantly worse than other Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
It is estimated that 60–80% of adults undergoing induction chemotherapy achieve complete remission after 4 weeks, and those over the age of 70 have a cure rate of 5%. [48] [71] Graphs of overall survival rates at 5 years and 10 years in people in pediatric care and adults with ALL
T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. T-PLL is a very rare leukemia, primarily affecting adults over the age of 30. It represents 2% of all small lymphocytic leukemias in adults.
Experimental data suggests that treatment with calcitrol (the active form of vitamin D) may be useful in treating T-cell LGL due to its ability to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines. Prognosis. The 5 year survival has been noted as 89% in at least one study from France of 201 patients with T-LGL leukemia. Epidemiology
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