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Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes ( strabismus ), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye. Dissociated vertical deviation is a special type of hypertropia leading to slow ...
Strabismus is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. The eye that is pointed at an object can alternate. The condition may be present occasionally or constantly.
The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
Panting, coughing, or difficulty breathing. Pale gums or mucus. Distended abdomen or bloated appearance. Fainting or collapse. After diagnosing a heart murmur, your vet will likely recommend ...
Cyclotropia is a form of strabismus in which, compared to the correct positioning of the eyes, there is a torsion of one eye (or both) about the eye's visual axis. Consequently, the visual fields of the two eyes appear tilted relative to each other. The corresponding latent condition – a condition in which torsion occurs only in the absence ...
Retinal dysplasia in dogs is an eye disorder that is characterized by the abnormal development of the retina during fetal growth. The retina is a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye ...
The symptoms of spina bifida in dogs can vary significantly depending on the severity and location of the defect in the spine. In mild cases, there may be little to no noticeable symptoms. However ...
Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight". This condition can be esophoria, where the eyes tend to cross inward in the absence of fusion; exophoria, in which they diverge; or hyperphoria, in which ...
Purpose. whether a person has strabismus. In the fields of optometry and ophthalmology, the Hirschberg test, also Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a screening test that can be used to assess whether a person has strabismus (ocular misalignment). A photographic version of the Hirschberg is used to quantify strabismus. [1]
Weight loss. Salivation. Seizures or unusual neurological symptoms, including aggressive behavior, blindness, or circling. These symptoms often become apparent or worsen after eating due to the ...