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  2. Magma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma

    Magma (sometimes colloquially but incorrectly referred to as lava by laypeople) is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites. [3] Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles.

  3. Tholeiitic magma series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholeiitic_Magma_Series

    A magma series is a chemically distinct range of magma compositions that describes the evolution of a mafic magma into a more evolved, silica rich end member. Rock types of the tholeiitic magma series include tholeiitic basalt, ferro-basalt, tholeiitic basaltic andesite, tholeiitic andesite, dacite and rhyolite.

  4. Igneous differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_differentiation

    Igneous differentiation. In geology, igneous differentiation, or magmatic differentiation, is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process, cooling, emplacement, or eruption.

  5. Igneous rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock

    Igneous rock. Igneous rock ( igneous from Latin igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava .

  6. Plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

    e. Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') [1] is the scientific theory that Earth 's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since about 3.4 billion years ago. [2] The model builds on the concept of continental drift ...

  7. Magmatism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatism

    Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity , the production, intrusion and extrusion of magma or lava .