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Heart rate (or pulse rate) is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (beats per minute, or bpm). The heart rate varies according to the body's physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide .
Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR), i.e. the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat; thus giving the formula: Values for cardiac output are usually denoted as L/min.
Heart rate variability. Heart rate variability visualized with R-R interval changes. Electrocardiogram (ECG) recording of a canine heart that illustrates beat-to-beat variability in R–R interval (top) and heart rate (bottom). Heart rate variability ( HRV) is the physiological phenomenon of variation in the time interval between heartbeats.
In adults, a normal heart rate is between 60 and 100 bpm (normocardic), whereas it is higher in children. A heart rate below normal is called " bradycardia " (<60 in adults) and above normal is called " tachycardia " (>100 in adults).
Normal heart rate (beats per minute) Normal respiratory rate (breaths per minute) Range Typical example Range Typical example Newborn 100–160: 130: 30–50: 40 0–5 months 90–150: 120: 25–40: 30 6–12 months 80–140: 110: 20–30: 25 1–3 years 80–130: 105: 20–30: 25 3–5 years 80–120: 100: 20–30: 25 6–10 years 70–110: 90 ...
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart).
Frequency. 15% (males), 7% (females) Bradycardia, also called bradyarrhythmia, is a resting heart rate under 60 beats per minute (BPM). [1] While bradycardia can result from various pathologic processes, it is commonly a physiologic response to cardiovascular conditioning or due to asymptomatic type 1 atrioventricular block.
This allows the heart to cope with the required cardiac output at a relatively low right atrial pressure. We get what is known as a family of cardiac function curves, as the heart rate increases before the plateau is reached, and without the RAP having to rise dramatically to stretch the heart more and get the Starling effect. [citation needed]
People diagnosed with athlete's heart commonly display three signs that would usually indicate a heart condition when seen in a regular person: bradycardia, cardiomegaly, and cardiac hypertrophy. Resting heart rate recorded in an elite athlete demonstrating bradycardia at 42 bpm
Rhythms can be evaluated by measuring a few key components of a rhythm strip, the PQRST sequence, which represents one cardiac cycle, the ventricular rate, which is the rate at which the ventricles contract, and the atrial rate, which is the rate at which the atria contract.