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Prentice's rule, named so after the optician Charles F. Prentice, is a formula used to determine the amount of induced prism in a lens: = where: P is the amount of prism correction (in prism dioptres) c is decentration (the distance between the pupil centre and the lens's optical centre, in millimetres)
The Prentice position is an orientation of a prism, used in optics, optometry and ophthalmology. In this position, named after the optician Charles F. Prentice, the prism is oriented such that light enters it at an angle of 90° to the first surface, so that the beam does not refract at that surface. All the deviation caused by the prism takes ...
Cauchy's two-term equation for air, expanded by Lorentz to account for humidity, is as follows: n a i r ( λ , T , v , p ) ≈ 1 + 77.6 ⋅ 10 − 6 T ( 1 + 7.52 ⋅ 10 − 3 λ 2 ) ( p + 4810 v T ) {\displaystyle n_{air}(\lambda ,T,v,p)\approx 1+{\frac {77.6\cdot 10^{-6}}{T}}\left(1+{\frac {7.52\cdot 10^{-3}}{\lambda ^{2}}}\right)\left(p+4810 ...
Description. Mathematically, such a calculation can be expressed: The bolometric correction for a range of stars with different spectral types and groups is shown in the following table: [1] [2] [3] The bolometric correction is large and negative both for early type (hot) stars and for late type (cool) stars.
The small-disturbance potential equation then transforms to the Laplace equation, ϕ ¯ x ¯ x ¯ + ϕ ¯ y ¯ y ¯ + ϕ ¯ z ¯ z ¯ = 0 (in flow field) {\displaystyle {\bar {\phi }}_{{\bar {x}}{\bar {x}}}+{\bar {\phi }}_{{\bar {y}}{\bar {y}}}+{\bar {\phi }}_{{\bar {z}}{\bar {z}}}=0\quad {\mbox{(in flow field)}}}
In the above formula for r s , if we put = / (Snell's law) and multiply the numerator and denominator by 1 / n 1 sin θ t , we obtain r s = − sin ( θ i − θ t ) sin ( θ i + θ t ) . {\displaystyle r_{\text{s}}=-{\frac {\sin(\theta _{\text{i}}-\theta _{\text{t}})}{\sin(\theta _{\text{i}}+\theta _{\text{t}})}}.}
After simplifying the final equation is found: F F c = 1 − x F ⇒ F c = F 1 − x F = 1 1 F − x ⇒ F = 1 1 F c + x {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&&{\frac {F}{F_{\text{c}}}}&=1-xF\\&\Rightarrow &F_{\text{c}}&={\frac {F}{1-xF}}={\frac {1}{{\frac {1}{F}}-x}}\\&\Rightarrow &F&={\frac {1}{{\frac {1}{F_{\text{c}}}}+x}}\end{aligned}}}
Heterophoria is the misalignment of the visual axis such that one or both eyes are not properly fixated to an object of interest. When the visual axis is misaligned in such a way, it is corrected by the fusional vergence system. Diagnosis. The cross-cover test, or alternating cover test is usually employed to detect heterophoria.
Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.
Elliptic cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional elliptic coordinate system in the perpendicular -direction. Hence, the coordinate surfaces are prisms of confocal ellipses and hyperbolae.