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Equations. Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. v = velocity of atom/molecule, m = mass of each molecule (all molecules are identical in kinetic theory), γ ( p) = Lorentz factor as function of momentum (see below) Ratio of thermal to rest mass-energy of each molecule: θ = k B T / m c 2 {\displaystyle \theta =k_ {B}T/mc^ {2}\,\!}
In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl ( −OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [2] [3] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons ...
A solubility chart is a chart describing whether the ionic compounds formed from different combinations of cations and anions dissolve in or precipitate from solution. Chart [ edit ] The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K).
Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine. This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas: 2 NaBr + Cl 2 → Br 2 + 2 NaCl Applications. Sodium bromide is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry. It is also used as a catalyst in TEMPO-mediated oxidation reactions.
Tetrabutylammonium chloride is the organic compound with the formula [ (CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N]+Cl−, often abbreviated as [Bu4N]Cl, where Bu stands for n -butyl. A white water-soluble solid, it is a quaternary ammonium salt of chloride. It is a precursor to other tetrabutylammonium salts. [1] [2] Often tetrabutylammonium bromide is preferred as a ...
Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula Na O Cl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations (Na +) and hypochlorite anions (− OCl, also written as OCl − and ClO −
Carbon compounds. Carbon compounds are defined as chemical substances containing carbon. [1] [2] More compounds of carbon exist than any other chemical element except for hydrogen. Organic carbon compounds are far more numerous than inorganic carbon compounds. In general bonds of carbon with other elements are covalent bonds.
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with the chemical formula S 8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow, crystalline solid at room temperature.