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Routing is a high speed process of cutting, trimming, and shaping wood, metal, plastic, and a variety of other materials. Chip formation Modern plunge router showing dust extraction tube. Routing and milling are conceptually similar, and end mills can be used in routers, but routing wood is different from milling metal in terms of the mechanics ...
There will be an optimum cutting speed for each material and set of machining conditions, and the spindle speed can be calculated from this speed. Factors affecting the calculation of cutting speed are: The material being machined (steel, brass, tool steel, plastic, wood) (see table below)
Most metal cutting is done by high speed steel tools or carbide tools. Each of these categories contains various processes. Prior to most operations, the metal must be marked out and/or measured, depending on the desired finished product.
Metal-spinning lathes are almost as simple as wood-turning lathes. Typically, metal spinning requires a mandrel, usually made from wood, which serves as the template onto which the workpiece is formed (asymmetric shapes can be made, but it is a very advanced technique).
Heavy gang milling of milling machine tables. Gang milling refers to the use of two or more milling cutters mounted on the same arbor (that is, ganged) in a horizontal-milling setup. All of the cutters may perform the same type of operation, or each cutter may perform a different type of operation.
A powered saw which utilizes a band of steel that has been joined at the ends to create a loop and has teeth cut into one edge. The workpiece is placed on a small table through which the blade runs and is pushed into the blade in order to make a cut. Bandsaws can be used to make every type of cut in woodworking.
In the context of machining, a cutting tool or cutter is typically a hardened metal tool that is used to cut, shape, and remove material from a workpiece by means of machining tools as well as abrasive tools by way of shear deformation.
Shapers can be adapted to perform specialized cuts employing accessories such as sliding tables, tenon tables, tilting arbor, tenoning hoods, and interchangeable spindles. The standard US spindle shaft is in (44 mm), with or in (19 or 13 mm) on small shapers and 30 mm on European models.
Metalworking hand tools are hand tools used in the metalworking field, powered entirely by the operator (hand tools). There are lots of tools, fit for different actions to the material, such as shrinking or modifying its surface.
A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that uses linear relative motion between the workpiece and a single-point cutting tool to cut the work piece. A planer is similar to a shaper, but larger, and with workpiece moving, whereas in a shaper the cutting tool moves.