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2. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

   Opals. Andamooka Opal, presented to Queen Elizabeth II, also known as the Queen's Opal. Flame Queen Opal. Galaxy Opal. Halley's Comet Opal, the world's largest uncut black opal. Olympic Australis Opal, reported to be the largest and most valuable gem opal ever found.

3. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

4. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

   This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types. Minerals. There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as: A–B

5. Ruby - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby

   Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [3]

6. Emerald - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald

   Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be 3 Al 2 (SiO 3) 6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. [2] Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. [2] Most emeralds have many inclusions, [3] so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor.

7. Lapis lazuli - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_Lazuli

   A mixture of other minerals, often including pyrite. Lapis lazuli (UK: / ˌlæpɪs ˈlæz (j) ʊli, ˈlæʒʊ -, - ˌli /; US: / ˈlæz (j) əli, ˈlæʒə -, - ˌli /), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.