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Coordination geometry. The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern defined by the atoms around the central atom. The term is commonly applied in the field of inorganic chemistry, where diverse structures are observed. The coordination geometry depends on the number, not the type, of ligands bonded to the metal centre as well ...
The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
Water chemistry analysis is often the groundwork of studies of water quality, pollution, hydrology and geothermal waters . Analytical methods routinely used can detect and measure all the natural elements and their inorganic compounds and a very wide range of organic chemical species using methods such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Mechanism. A defining feature of the group transfer reaction is that it is a concerted reaction, in which a bond is broken and formed in one step. The concerted reaction occurs due to the orbital overlap between the alkene and the allylic enophile. [2] The electrons in the highest occupied molecular orbital ( HOMO) of the ene are transferred to ...
Sheppard's correction. In statistics, Sheppard's corrections are approximate corrections to estimates of moments computed from binned data. The concept is named after William Fleetwood Sheppard . Let be the measured kth moment, the corresponding corrected moment, and the breadth of the class interval (i.e., the bin width).
In chemistry, initiation is a chemical reaction that triggers one or more secondary reactions. Initiation creates a reactive centre on a molecule which produces a chain reaction. [1] The reactive centre generated by initiation is usually a radical, but can also be cations or anions. [2] Once the reaction is initiated, the species goes through ...
Introduction to the concept. Quantum tunnelling falls under the domain of quantum mechanics. To understand the phenomenon, particles attempting to travel across a potential barrier can be compared to a ball trying to roll over a hill. Quantum mechanics and classical mechanics differ in their treatment of this scenario.
A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction ( refractometry ). The index of refraction is calculated from the observed refraction angle using Snell's law. For mixtures, the index of refraction then allows the concentration to be determined using mixing rules such as the Gladstone–Dale relation ...