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According to CIPA guidelines, [2] 35 mm equivalent focal length is to be calculated like this: "Converted focal length into 35 mm camera" = (Diagonal distance of image area in the 35 mm camera (43.27 mm) / Diagonal distance of image area on the image sensor of the DSC) × focal length of the lens of the DSC.
Camera lens focal lengths are usually specified in millimetres (mm), but some older lenses are marked in centimetres (cm) or inches. Focal length (f) and field of view (FOV) of a lens are inversely proportional. For a standard rectilinear lens, FOV = 2 arctan x / 2f, where x is the width of the film.
Angle of view can also be determined using FOV tables or paper or software lens calculators.
The crop factor is sometimes referred to as "magnification factor", [5] "focal length factor" or "focal length multiplier". [6] This usage reflects the observation that lenses of a given focal length seem to produce greater magnification on crop-factor cameras than they do on full-frame cameras.
The image sensor format of a digital camera determines the angle of view of a particular lens when used with a particular sensor. Because the image sensors in many digital cameras are smaller than the 24 mm × 36 mm image area of full-frame 35 mm cameras, a lens of a given focal length gives a narrower field of view in such cameras.
Hyperfocal distance. Minox LX camera with hyperfocal red dot. Nikon 28mm f/2.8 lens with markings for the depth of field. The lens is set at the hyperfocal distance for f/22. The orange mark corresponding to f/22 is at the infinity mark ( ∞ ). Focus is acceptable from under 0.7 m to infinity.
List of ultrafast lenses. Some of the fastest camera lenses in production as of 2021 were as follows: Cosina Voigtländer Super Nokton 29 mm / 0.8. Cosina Voigtländer Super Nokton 29mm f / 0.8 Micro Four Thirds mount; Cosina Voigtländer Nokton 10.5mm, 17.5mm, 25mm, 42.5mm, 60mm f / 0.95 for Micro Four Thirds mount
With being the distance from the lens to the image, the height of the image and the height of the object, the magnification can also be written as: M = − d i d o = h i h o {\displaystyle M=-{d_{\mathrm {i} } \over d_{\mathrm {o} }}={h_{\mathrm {i} } \over h_{\mathrm {o} }}}
A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
A zoom lens is a system of camera lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed-focal-length (FFL) lens . A true zoom lens or optical zoom lens is a type of parfocal lens, one that maintains focus when its focal length changes.