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  2. Geometric series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_series

    The geometric series is an infinite series derived from a special type of sequence called a geometric progression, which is defined by just two parameters: the initial term and the common ratio . Finite geometric series have a third parameter, the final term's power.

  3. Maxwell's equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_equations

    Maxwell's equations, or Maxwell–Heaviside equations, are a set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, electric and magnetic circuits. The equations provide a mathematical model for electric, optical, and radio technologies, such ...

  4. Wave equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_equation

    Wave equation. The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

  5. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors

    Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In linear algebra, an eigenvector (/ ˈaɪɡən -/ EYE-gən-) or characteristic vector is a vector that has its direction unchanged by a given linear transformation. More precisely, an eigenvector, , of a linear transformation, , is scaled by a constant factor, , when the linear transformation is applied to it: .

  6. Sistine Chapel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel

    The Sistine Chapel (/ ˈsɪstiːn / SIST-een; Latin: Sacellum Sixtinum; Italian: Cappella Sistina [kapˈpɛlla siˈstiːna]) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the pope's official residence in Vatican City. Originally known as the Cappella Magna ('Great Chapel'), it takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who had it built between 1473 and 1481.

  7. Leonhard Euler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler

    Leonhard Euler (/ ˈ ɔɪ l ər / OY-lər; [b] German: [ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ] ⓘ, Swiss Standard German: [ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər]; 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician, and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of ...

  8. Complex number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number

    Complex number. A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the " imaginary unit ", that satisfies i2 = −1. In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number ...

  9. n-sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-sphere

    In mathematics, an n-sphere or hypersphere is an ⁠ ⁠ - dimensional generalization of the ⁠ ⁠ -dimensional circle and ⁠ ⁠ -dimensional sphere to any non-negative integer ⁠ ⁠. The circle is considered 1-dimensional, and the sphere 2-dimensional, because the surfaces themselves are 1- and 2-dimensional respectively, not because ...