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  2. Maddox rod - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddox_rod

    The strength of the prism is increased until the streak of the light passes through the centre of the prism, as the strength of the prism indicates the amount of deviation present. The Maddox rod is a handheld instrument composed of red parallel plano convex cylinder lens , which refracts light rays so that a point source of light is seen as a ...

  3. Achromatic lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatic_lens

    Together they form a weak positive lens that will bring two different wavelengths of light to a common focus. Negative doublets, in which the negative-power element predominates, are also made. Negative doublets, in which the negative-power element predominates, are also made.

  4. Prism (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)

    Prism spectacles with a single prism perform a relative displacement of the two eyes, thereby correcting eso-, exo, hyper- or hypotropia. In contrast, spectacles with prisms of equal power for both eyes, called yoked prisms (also: conjugate prisms, ambient lenses or performance glasses) shift the visual field of both eyes to the same extent. [5]

  5. Snell's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law

    Refraction of light at the interface between two media of different refractive indices, with n 2 > n 1.Since the velocity is lower in the second medium (v 2 < v 1), the angle of refraction θ 2 is less than the angle of incidence θ 1; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal.

  6. Prentice position - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_position

    The Prentice position. The Prentice position is an orientation of a prism, used in optics, optometry and ophthalmology. [1] In this position, named after the optician Charles F. Prentice, the prism is oriented such that light enters it at an angle of 90° to the first surface, so that the beam does not refract at that surface.

  7. Inverse hyperbolic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions

    A ray through the unit hyperbola = in the point (,), where a is twice the area between the ray, the hyperbola, and the x-axis. The earliest and most widely adopted symbols use the prefix arc-: arcsinh, arccosh, arctanh, arcsech, arccsch, arccoth; by analogy with the inverse trig functions (arcsin etc.).

  8. Eötvös effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eötvös_effect

    The Eötvös effect is the change in measured Earth's gravity caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity.When moving eastbound, the object's angular velocity is increased (in addition to Earth's rotation), and thus the centrifugal force also increases, causing a perceived reduction in gravitational force.

  9. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    In the above formula for r s ‍, if we put = ⁡ / ⁡ (Snell's law) and multiply the numerator and denominator by ⁠ 1 / n 1 ⁠ sin θ t ‍, we obtain [10] [11] = ⁡ ⁡ (+).