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In the study entitled "Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina", Alexandra Stiglmayer et al. conclude: [36] In Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, rape has been an instrument of 'ethnic cleansing'. The UN Commission of experts that investigated the rapes in former Yugoslavia has concluded.
In April 2014, the Assembly of Kosovo considered and approved the establishment of a special court of Kosovo to try alleged war crimes and other serious abuses committed during and after the 1998–99 Kosovo war. [171] The court will adjudicate cases against individuals based on a 2010 Council of Europe report by the Swiss senator Dick Marty. [172]
One of the most prominent trials involved ex-Serbian President Slobodan Milošević, who was in 2002 indicted on 66 counts of crimes against humanity, war crimes and genocide allegedly committed in wars in Kosovo, Bosnia and Croatia. [194] His trial remained incomplete since he died in 2006, before a verdict was reached. [195]
The Bosnian genocide (Bosnian: Bosanski genocid / Босански геноцид) took place during the Bosnian War of 1992–1995 [8] and included both the Srebrenica massacre and the wider crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing campaign perpetrated throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). [9]
In 2016, Republika Srpska leader Radovan Karadžić was found guilty of the Srebrenica massacre as well as 10 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to 40 years imprisonment. [111] [112] In 2019, the appeal he filed against his conviction was rejected and the sentence was increased to life imprisonment. [113] [114]
The massacres of Albanians in World War I were a series of war crimes committed by Serbian, Montenegrin, Greek and Bulgarian troops against the Albanian civil population of Albania, Macedonia and Kosovo during and immediately before the Great War.
A group of United Nations experts expressed alarm regarding the increasing volume of allegations of sexual violence reportedly perpetrated by armed groups against women and girls in Israel on October 7, 2023, and reports of sexual assault and threats of sexual violence against women in the occupied Palestinian territories since October 7. [7]
Several of the testimonies of victims of sexual violence during the Holocaust were by Jewish men and women. [23] Previous war crimes trials had prosecuted for sex crimes, hence war rape could have been prosecuted under customary law and/or under the IMT (International Military Tribunals) Charter's Article 6(b): "abduction of the civilian ...