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  2. Fresnel lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens

    A Fresnel lens ( / ˈfreɪnɛl, - nəl / FRAY-nel, -⁠nəl; / ˈfrɛnɛl, - əl / FREN-el, -⁠əl; or / freɪˈnɛl / fray-NEL [1]) is a type of composite compact lens which reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections.

  3. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    Since the Fresnel equations were developed for optics, they are usually given for non-magnetic materials. Dividing ( 4) by ( 5 )) yields. For non-magnetic media we can substitute the vacuum permeability μ0 for μ, so that that is, the admittances are simply proportional to the corresponding refractive indices.

  4. Fresnel number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_number

    The Fresnel number is a useful concept in physical optics. The Fresnel number establishes a coarse criterion to define the near and far field approximations. Essentially, if Fresnel number is small – less than roughly 1 – the beam is said to be in the far field. If Fresnel number is larger than 1, the beam is said to be near field. However ...

  5. Fresnel rhomb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_rhomb

    A Fresnel rhomb is an optical prism that introduces a 90° phase difference between two perpendicular components of polarization, by means of two total internal reflections. If the incident beam is linearly polarized at 45° to the plane of incidence and reflection, the emerging beam is circularly polarized, and vice versa.

  6. Augustin-Jean Fresnel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin-Jean_Fresnel

    Augustin-Jean Fresnel [Note 1] (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton 's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s [3] until the end of the 19th century.

  7. Surface plasmon resonance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_plasmon_resonance

    Surface plasmon resonance ( SPR) is a phenomenon that occurs where electrons in a thin metal sheet become excited by light that is directed to the sheet with a particular angle of incidence, and then travel parallel to the sheet. Assuming a constant light source wavelength and that the metal sheet is thin, the angle of incidence that triggers ...

  8. Diffraction grating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_grating

    A blazed diffraction grating reflecting only the green portion of the spectrum from a room's fluorescent lighting. For a diffraction grating, the relationship between the grating spacing (i.e., the distance between adjacent grating grooves or slits), the angle of the wave (light) incidence to the grating, and the diffracted wave from the grating is known as the grating equation.

  9. Here’s How to Measure Your Bra Size in a Few Easy Steps - AOL

    www.aol.com/bra-breast-shape-134700554.html

    Step 1: Find your bra band size. Wearing an unlined, non-padded bra ( not over your clothes!) or a fitted t-shirt, run the measuring tape all the way around your back where your band sits, being ...

  10. Polarizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer

    The Sénarmont prism is air spaced, unlike the Wollaston and Rochon prisms. These prisms truly split the beam into two fully polarized beams with perpendicular polarizations. The Nomarski prism is a variant of the Wollaston prism, which is widely used in differential interference contrast microscopy. Thin film polarizers

  11. Fizeau experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizeau_experiment

    The Fizeau experiment [1] [2] [3] was carried out by Hippolyte Fizeau in 1851 to measure the relative speeds of light in moving water. Fizeau used a special interferometer arrangement to measure the effect of movement of a medium upon the speed of light. According to the theories prevailing at the time, light traveling through a moving medium ...