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Medical genetics. Coxa vara is a deformity of the hip, whereby the angle between the head and the shaft of the femur is reduced to less than 120 degrees. This results in the leg being shortened and the development of a limp. It may be congenital and is commonly caused by injury, such as a fracture.
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. [1] Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [1] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [3]
Proximal femoral focal deficiency ( PFFD ), also known as Congenital Femoral Deficiency ( CFD ), [1] is a rare, non-hereditary birth defect that affects the pelvis, particularly the hip bone, and the proximal femur. The disorder may affect one side or both, with the hip being deformed and the leg shortened.
The three recognized types of femoroacetabular impingement. Click image to see video illustration of the three types. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition involving one or more anatomical abnormalities of the hip joint, which is a ball and socket joint. [1]
Genu recurvatum is a deformity in the knee joint, so that the knee bends backwards. In this deformity, excessive extension occurs in the tibiofemoral joint. Genu recurvatum is also called knee hyperextension and back knee. This deformity is more common in women [citation needed] and people with familial ligamentous laxity. [2] Hyperextension of the knee may be mild, moderate or severe.
Illustration of the Thomas test. From Hugh Thomas Owen's "Diseases of the hip, knee, and ankle joints: with their deformities, treated by a new and efficient method", 1875.
A hip dislocation is when the thighbone ( femur) separates from the hip bone ( pelvis ). [1] Specifically it is when the ball–shaped head of the femur ( femoral head) separates from its cup–shaped socket in the hip bone, known as the acetabulum. [1] The joint of the femur and pelvis ( hip joint) is very stable, secured by both bony and soft ...
Protrusio acetabuli is an uncommon defect of the acetabulum, the socket that receives the femoral head to make the hip joint. The hip bone of the pelvic bone /girdle is composed of three bones, the ilium, the ischium and the pubis. In protrusio deformity, there is medial displacement of the femoral head in that the medial aspect of the femoral ...
A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone), at the femoral neck or (rarely) the femoral head. [2] Symptoms may include pain around the hip, particularly with movement, and shortening of the leg. [2] Usually the person cannot walk.
The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint ( art. coxae ), is the ball-and-socket joint between the pelvic acetabulum and the femoral head. Its primary function is to support the weight of the torso in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. The hip joints have very important roles in retaining balance, and for maintaining the ...
