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Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Oral medicine. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull). The most important feature is pain, followed by ...
An estimated 30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders engage in self-harm at some point, including eye-poking, skin-picking, hand-biting, and head-banging. [ 58 ] [ 59 ] According to a meta-analysis that did not distinguish between suicidal and non-suicidal acts, self-harm is common among those with schizophrenia and is a significant ...
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. [1][2][7] Obsessions are persistent ...
Classification. ALS is a motor neuron disease, which is a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscles of the body. [3] Other motor neuron diseases include primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), progressive bulbar palsy, pseudobulbar palsy, and ...
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease [7] that is mostly inherited. [8] The earliest symptoms are often subtle problems with mood or mental/psychiatric abilities. [9][1] A general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait often follow. [2] It is also a basal ganglia disease ...
Arms and hands of a 50-year-old man, showing large tophi of sodium urate affecting the elbow, knuckles, and finger joints. The crystallization of uric acid, often related to relatively high levels in the blood, is the underlying cause of gout. This can occur because of diet, genetic predisposition, or underexcretion of urate, the salts of uric ...
Frequency. 1 in 5,000 [1] Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders. [7] Symptoms often include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy velvety skin, and abnormal scar formation. [1] These may be noticed at birth or in early childhood. [3]
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a nerve compression syndrome associated with the collected signs and symptoms of compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an idiopathic syndrome but there are environmental, and medical risk factors associated with the condition. [6][1] CTS can affect both wrists.