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A computed tomography urography ( CT urography or CT urogram) is a computed tomography scan that examines the urinary tract after contrast dye is injected into a vein. [1] In a CT urogram, the contrast agent is through a cannula into a vein, allowed to be cleared by the kidneys and excreted through the urinary tract as part of the urine. [1]
Pyelogram (or pyelography or urography) is a form of imaging of the renal pelvis and ureter. [1] Types include: Intravenous pyelogram – In which a contrast solution is introduced through a vein into the circulatory system. Retrograde pyelogram – Any pyelogram in which contrast medium is introduced from the lower urinary tract and flows ...
Voiding cystourethrography. In urology, voiding cystourethrography ( VCUG) is a frequently performed technique for visualizing a person's urethra and urinary bladder while the person urinates (voids). It is used in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (kidney reflux), among other disorders. [1] The technique consists of catheterizing the ...
H&E stain. Transurethral resection of the prostate (commonly known as a TURP, plural TURPs, and rarely as a transurethral prostatic resection, TUPR) is a urological operation. It is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). As the name indicates, it is performed by visualising the prostate through the urethra and removing tissue by ...
Radical retropubic prostatectomy is a surgical procedure in which the prostate gland is removed through an incision in the abdomen (in comparison with perineal prostatectomy, done through the perineum). It is most often used to treat individuals who have early prostate cancer. Radical retropubic prostatectomy can be performed under general ...
Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material ( renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]
Retrograde urethrogram. Urethrogram showing an urethra stricture in a man. A retrograde urethrography [1] is a routine radiologic procedure (most typically in males) used to image the integrity of the urethra . Hence a retrograde urethrogram is essential for diagnosis of urethral injury, or urethral stricture. [2] [3]
Ureteral cancer. A cystoscope showing a tumor in the ureters. Here it threatens to completely cut off flow to the ureters. Ureteral cancer is cancer of the ureters, muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. It is also known as ureter cancer, [1] renal pelvic cancer, [1] and rarely ureteric cancer or uretal cancer.
Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope . The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The cystoscope has lenses like a telescope or microscope. These lenses let the physician focus on the inner surfaces of the urinary tract.
Urinary tract obstruction is a urologic disease consisting of a decrease in the free passage of urine through one or both ureters and/or the urethra. It is a cause of urinary retention. Complete obstruction of the urinary tract requires prompt treatment for renal preservation. [32]