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2. Color blind glasses - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blind_glasses

   In 1857, James Clerk Maxwell constructed red and green glasses according to Seebeck's theory. [1] Seebeck noticed that red and green lenses change the relative luminosity of colors that the red-green colorblind usually saw as metamers and the subjects could thereby estimate the correct color. Based on these results, Maxwell hypothesized that ...

3. Pinhole occluder - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhole_occluder

   An improvised pinhole has a similar but better effect. The same principle has also been applied as an alternative to corrective lenses: a screen of pinholes is mounted on an eyeglass frame and worn as pinhole glasses. Differential diagnosis: pinhole worsen vision: Macular diseases, [5] central lens opacities [6] Vision static with pinhole ...

4. Vertex distance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_distance

   Since most refractions (the measurement that determines the power of a corrective lens) are performed at a vertex distance of 12–14 mm, the power of the correction may need to be modified from the initial prescription so that light reaches the patient's eye with the same effective power that it did through the phoropter or trial frame.

5. Strabismus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus

   In cases of accommodative esotropia, the eyes turn inward due to the effort of focusing far-sighted eyes, and the treatment of this type of strabismus necessarily involves refractive correction, which is usually done via corrective glasses or contact lenses, and in these cases surgical alignment is considered only if such correction does not ...

6. Prism lighting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_lighting

   Prism lighting is the use of prisms to improve the distribution of light in a space. It is usually used to distribute daylight, and is a form of anidolic lighting. Prism lighting was popular from its introduction in the 1890s through to the 1930s, when cheap electric lights became commonplace and prism lighting became unfashionable.

7. Congenital fourth nerve palsy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_fourth_nerve_palsy

   Prism lenses set to make minor optical changes in the vertical alignment may be prescribed instead of or after surgery to fine-tune the correction. Prism lenses do not address torsional misalignment and this may limit their use in certain cases. An additional consideration of prism lenses is that they must be worn at all times.