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  2. Maddox rod - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddox_rod

    The strength of the prism is increased until the streak of the light passes through the centre of the prism, as the strength of the prism indicates the amount of deviation present. The Maddox rod is a handheld instrument composed of red parallel plano convex cylinder lens , which refracts light rays so that a point source of light is seen as a ...

  3. Optics and vision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics_and_vision

    The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors. [3]

  4. Subjective refraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_refraction

    An occluder is placed over the eye that is not being tested (e.g.: over the left eye, to test the right eye's vision). A pinhole occluder is then placed before the patient's eye, and their vision is then tested again (each eye separately) to determine if the patient's poor visual acuity is a result of optical irregularities, or pathological issues.

  5. Camera lucida - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lucida

    As recently as the 1980s, the camera lucida was still a standard tool of microscopists. [4] It is still a key tool in the field of palaeontology. Until very recently, photomicrographs were expensive to reproduce. Furthermore, in many cases, a clear illustration of the structure that the microscopist wished to document was much easier to produce ...

  6. Ophthalmic trial frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmic_trial_frame

    A trial frame is a tool used by ophthalmic professionals like ophthalmologists and optometrists. It is basically an adjustable spectacle frame with multiple cells, used to hold corrective lenses , and other accessories in subjective refraction (finding the correct spectacle power) and retinoscopy .

  7. Cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_test

    The unilateral cover test is performed by having the patient focus on an object then covering the fixating eye and observing the movement of the other eye. If the eye was exotropic, covering the fixating eye will cause an inwards movement; and if esotropic, covering the fixating eye will

  8. Aberrations of the eye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberrations_of_the_eye

    The small improvement in depth of focus with the conventional IOLs enhances uncorrected near vision and contribute to reading ability. [15] Wavefront customized lenses can be used in eyeglasses. Based on Wavefront map of the eye and with the use of laser a lens is shaped to compensate for the aberrations of the eye and then put in the eyeglasses.

  9. Eyeglass prescription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeglass_prescription

    Using a phoropter to determine a prescription for eyeglasses. An eyeglass prescription is an order written by an eyewear prescriber, such as an optometrist, that specifies the value of all parameters the prescriber has deemed necessary to construct and/or dispense corrective lenses appropriate for a patient.

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