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Prentice's rule is a formula to calculate the amount of prism correction in a lens based on decentration and lens power. It can be used for prescribing, tolerance control, or determining unprescribed prism in eyeglasses.
Esotropia is a condition in which one or both eyes deviate inward, causing a cross-eyed appearance. It can be constant or intermittent, and has different types and causes, such as hyperopia, congenital, or accommodative factors.
The Maddox rod test is a subjective method to measure horizontal and vertical deviations of the eyes, using a red line and a white light. The double Maddox rod test can also assess torsion and cyclotropias, by comparing the angles of two red lines.
Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria and can be caused by refractive errors, divergence insufficiency or convergence excess.
Heterophoria is an eye condition where the eyes are not straight at rest position, but can be aligned by fusion. Learn about the types, signs, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment of heterophoria.
The Worth 4 dot test is a clinical test for assessing binocular vision and eye alignment. It involves wearing red-green goggles and seeing four lights in a diamond formation, which can indicate normal or abnormal fusion, suppression, or diplopia.
A cover test is an objective determination of the presence and amount of ocular deviation, such as strabismus or phoria. It involves covering and uncovering one eye while observing the movement of the other eye with a fixation target at different distances.
A cantilever Timoshenko beam under a point load at the free end For a cantilever beam , one boundary is clamped while the other is free. Let us use a right handed coordinate system where the x {\displaystyle x} direction is positive towards right and the z {\displaystyle z} direction is positive upward.